氧弹燃烧-氟离子选择电极法测定蔬菜中的氟

本试验建立了一种测定蔬菜中氟含量的新方法。蔬菜经氧弹燃烧处理后在一定浓度的高氯酸和柠檬酸钠的介质中利用氟离子选择性电极法测定其微量氟。菠菜、卷心菜、油菜、生菜、香麦、白菜中氟的测定结果表明,氟离子浓度为1.0×10-2~1.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈现良好线性关系,线性相关系数r为0.999 3,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.93%~1.91%(n=6),不同添加水平中回收率均在96.4%~105.7%之间。     

Validation of the bovine blood calcium checker as a rapid and simple measuring tool for the ionized calcium concentration in cattle

Point-of-care (POC) devices that veterinary practitioners can use to easily and rapidly measure blood ionized calcium (iCa) levels in cows immediately after withdrawing a blood sample on the dairy farm are needed. Aims of present studies was to compare the commercially available ion-selective electrode handheld iCa meter (bovine blood iCa checker) with the benchtop blood gas analyzer GEM premier 3500 and handheld analyzer i-STAT 1. Sixty-two paired-point whole blood samples were obtained from three cows with hypocalcemia experimentally induced by Na₂-EDTA infusion. Whole blood samples were also obtained from the 36 cows kept on a farm in field conditions. The results using the bovine blood iCa checker correlated with those using the GEM premier 3500 and i-STAT 1. Bovine blood iCa checker was “compatible” with the GEM premier 3500 and i-STAT 1 because the frequency of differences between the measurements within ± 20% of the mean were 100% (65/65, >75%) and 90.8% (59/65, >75%), respectively. In the field trial, the blood iCa concentration measured by the bovine blood Ca checker was significantly positively correlated with that measured by the i-STAT 1 portable analyzer. Bovine blood iCa checker was “compatible” with the i-STAT 1 because the frequency of differences between the measurements within ± 20% of the mean was 100% (36/36, >75%). Results from these findings, the bovine blood iCa checker may be applied as a simplified system to measure the iCa concentration in bovine whole blood.     

Superfloc127用于电极法测定土壤硝态氮含量的可行性分析

样本前处理是影响离子选择电极测土时效性的关键环节。以缩短静置时间为目的,该文探讨了高分子絮凝剂Superfloc127用于土壤硝态氮浸提前处理操作的可行性。首先,基于相界电位模型对Superfloc127加入土样硝态氮浸提液后电极反应动力学过程进行建模分析,理论可行性验证后,开展测土试验,分析其对自制全固态电极（PPy-NSISE）及商用电极（PVC-NISE）电化学性能的影响。结果表明：使用Superfloc127后,样本制备时间由1.5 h缩短至10 s;PPy-NSISE及PVC-NISE响应斜率分别为-51.4和-52.1 mV/Decade,检测灵敏度无明显改变,测土结果与标准结果之间的决定系数分别为0.69和0.31;连续测定12 h后,PPy-NSISE和PVC-NISE的响应斜率分别降低至-35.1和-25.4 mV/Decade,性能不可恢复。通过理论解析及大量分析试验证明,絮凝剂Superfloc127无法应用在基于离子选择电极法的土壤硝态氮快速分析,提高土壤前处理效率的研究工作仍需深入开展。     

豆浆连续通电加热中电源频率对极板黏附的影响

为解决豆浆通电加热过程中的极板污染问题,该文研究了在豆浆的连续通电加热过程中,电源频率对于电源极板污染的影响。试验表明,相比于100Hz的低频交流电,频率超过1000Hz的高频交流电能有效抑制电源极板污染。研究结果对于通电加热在豆浆加工的应用提供了依据,并对富含蛋白质液体食品连续通电加热中极板污染的研究提供参考。     

用铜离子选择性电极电位滴定法测人发和尿液中的铜

本文以铜离子选择性电极作指示电极,用Trien作滴定剂,就电位滴定法对人发和尿中铜(Ⅱ)的测定条件、发样处理以及干扰实验进行了探讨.本法简便快速,结果与原子吸收法基本一致,其相对偏差小于5%,人发中铜的测定回收率在96.2-106.8%之间.     

pH-dependent modulation of intracellular free magnesium ions with ion-selective electrodes in papillary muscle of guinea pig

A change in pH can alter the intracellular concentration of electrolytes such as intracellular Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ ([Na⁺]_i) that are important for the cardiac function. For the determination of the role of pH in the cardiac magnesium homeostasis, the intracellular Mg²⁺ concentration ([Mg²⁺]_i), membrane potential and contraction in the papillary muscle of guinea pigs using ion-selective electrodes changing extracellular pH ([pH]_o) or intracellular pH ([pH]_i) were measured in this study. A high CO₂-induced low [pH]_o causes a significant increase in the [Mg²⁺]_i and [Na⁺]_i, which was accompanied by a decrease in the membrane potential and twitch force. The high [pH]_o had the opposite effect. These effects were reversible in both the beating and quiescent muscles. The low [pH]_o-induced increase in [Mg²⁺]_i occurred in the absence of [Mg²⁺]_o. The [Mg²⁺]_i was increased by the low [pH]_i induced by propionate. The [Mg²⁺]_i was increased by the low [pH]_i induced by NH₄Cl-prepulse and decreased by the recovery of [pH]_i induced by the removal of NH₄Cl. These results suggest that the pH can modulate [Mg²⁺]_i with a reverse relationship in heart, probably by affecting the intracellular Mg²⁺ homeostasis, but not by Mg²⁺ transport across the sarcolemma.     

3种黑杨无性系耐氮瘠薄能力的差异

通过扫描离子选择电极技术及15N同位素示踪技术研究3种黑杨无性系02-34-334、03-04-97和108号对于硝铵的吸收及累积规律,揭示02-34-334号较03-04-97和108号更能适应低氮环境的原因。离子电极试验设置0 mmol/L NH4NO3(CK)、0.25 mmol/L NH4NO3和0.5 mmol/L NH4NO33种氮素水平1。5N同位素示踪试验设置2 g15NH4NO3和2 g NH415NO3(中氮)两种氮素处理。结果表明:①在0.25 mmol/LNH4NO3水平下,02-34-334号苗木根部硝铵的吸收比值为1.3,而其他两个无性系苗木根系在所有处理下的硝铵吸收比值均较低。说明02-34-334号在0 mmol/L NH4NO3(CK)到中氮范围内对于硝态氮的吸收较另两个无性系具有明显的潜在优势。②02-34-334号无性系与另两个供试无性系相比,根部15NO3-的氮素分配率低,而地上部分15NO3-的氮素分配率高。说明02-34-334号在中氮水平对于硝态氮有较强的转运能力。对硝态氮较强的吸收潜力及较强的转运能力可能是02-34-334号黑杨无性系更能适应低氮环境的原因之一。结果为进一步研究黑杨无性系的氮高效机制及生产应用提供了科学依据。     

基于极限学习机的土壤硝态氮预测模型研究

利用极限学习机模型解译高氯离子干扰下盐碱土中硝酸根离子选择电极响应信号,系统分析了漂移校正算法、能斯特及极限学习机模型对电极法硝态氮(NO~-_3-N)预测结果准确性的影响差异。结果表明,漂移校正算法可明显提高传感器标定方程的重复性和一致性,响应斜率及截距电位的波动范围分别缩小了3.67%和7.25%;极限学习机模型的最优隐含层节点数为14;基于极限学习机的电极法NO~-_3-N质量浓度预测模型可较好抑制盐碱土中氯离子干扰,与标准检测结果之间的最大绝对误差和均方根误差分别为6.36 mg/L和4.02 mg/L。相关研究结论可为电极法测土过程中的信号校正、数据处理模型和模型参数选取提供参考。     

高选择性的硫氰酸根离子电极的研究

研究了水杨醛缩硫脲合铜配合物[Cu(II)-HBDT]为中性载体的PVC膜阴离子选择性电极.该电极对硫氰酸根离子呈现出优良的电位响应性能和选择性,并呈现反Hof meister序列行为.其选择性序列从大到小为:SCN-,Cl O4-,Sal-,I-,NO3-,NO2-,Br-,Cl-,SO32-,Ac-,SO24-,电极在pH=5.0的磷酸盐缓冲体系中对SCN-在1.0×10-1～1.0×10-5mol/L浓度范围内呈近能斯特响应,斜率为-57.0 mV/dec,检测下限为4×10-6mol/L.采用交流阻抗、紫外光谱分析技术研究了阴离子与载体的作用机理,结果表明配合物中心金属原子的结构以及载体本身的结构与电极的响应行为之间有非常密切的构效关系.将该电极用于环境废水中SCN-的监测,获得满意的结果.     

微间隙板式高频臭氧发生器性能试验

以获得高效率高浓度臭氧为目标,研究了平板式微间隙臭氧发生器的放电特点和性能。结果表明:由于采用0.4mm微间隙,臭氧浓度最高可达230g·Nm-3;在不降低臭氧产生效率情况下,发生器体积比传统方式小;施加在放电单元上电压远低于电介质击穿电压,从而提高了臭氧发生器使用寿命和工作稳定性。